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The Fire of Manisa ((トルコ語:Manisa yangını)) refers to the burning of the town of Manisa, Turkey which started on the night of Tuesday 5 September 1922 and continued until 8 September.〔 It was started and organized by the retreating Greek troops〔 during the Greco-Turkish War (1919-1922), and as a result 90 percent of the buildings in the town were destroyed.〔〔U.S. Vice-Consul James Loder Park ''to Secretary of State, Smyrna, 11 April 1923.'' US archives US767.68116/34 Consul Park concluded: "1. The destruction of the interior cities visited by our party was carried out by Greeks." "2. The percentages of buildings destroyed in each of the last four cities referred to were: Manisa 90 percent, Cassaba (Turgutlu) 90 percent, Alaşehir 70 percent, Salihli 65 percent." "3. The burning of these cities was not desultory, nor intermittent, nor accidental, but well planned and thoroughly organized." "4. There were many instances of physical violence, most of which was deliberate and wanton. Without complete figures, which were impossible to obtain, it may safely be surmised that 'atrocities' committed by retiring Greeks numbered well into thousands in the four cities under consideration. These consisted of all three of the usual type of such atrocities, namely murder, torture and rape." "Cassaba (present day Turgutlu) was a town of 40,000 souls, 3,000 of whom were non-Muslims. Of these 37,000 Turks only 6,000 could be accounted for among the living, while 1,000 Turks were known to have been shot or burned to death."〕 The number of victims in the town and adjacent region was estimated to be several thousand by US Consul James Loder Park.〔 Turkish sources claim that 4355 people died in the town of Manisa. It is believed this was in retaliation to the slaughter of 1.3 Armenians during the Turkish invasion of Armenia from 1915 through to 1923.〔〔 == Background == Manisa is a historic town in Western Anatolia beneath the north side of Mount Sipylus that became part of the Ottoman Empire in the 15th century. During Ottoman rule the town was governed by several princes (called ''Şehzade'') and so is also known as a "town of the princes" (Şehzadeler şehri). Many examples of Ottoman architecture were built over the next few centuries, such as the Muradiye Mosque, designed by the famous architect Mimar Sinan in 1586, and built for Murad III who was a governor of the town. By the 19th century Manisa was among the largest towns in the Aegean region of Anatolia and its population before the fire is estimated to have been between 35,000 and 50,000. Manisa had a religiously and ethnically diverse population made up of Muslims, Christians and Jews but Turkish Muslims were the largest group. During the 19th century there was an increase in other groups, most notably Greeks. In 1865 the population was estimated by the British at 40,000 with minorities of 5,000 Greeks, 2,000 Armenians and 2,000 Jews. In 1898 the population was estimated by the Ottoman linguist Sami Bey at 36,252 of which 21,000 were Muslims, 10,400 Greeks, and 2,000 Armenians. After World War I, Greece, supported by the Allied Powers, decided that the area known as the "Smyrna territory" would be occupied and could later be incorporated into Greece. In accordance with this plan, Greek forces (with Allied support) landed in Smyrna on 15 May 1919 and the town was occupied on 26 May without armed opposition. During the occupation which lasted more than three years, there were complaints by the local Turks of bad treatment.〔 During the Greco-Turkish War that followed the Greek invasion, atrocities were committed by both Turks and Greeks. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Fire of Manisa」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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